FILE – The operation flooring contained in the Unit 6 reactor constructing is pictured throughout a media tour at Tokyo Electrical Energy Firm Holdings’ (TEPCO) Kashiwazaki-Kariwa nuclear energy station in Kariwa Village, Niigata prefecture, Japan on Friday, Could 1, 2026.
Toru Hanai/Pool Bloomberg by way of AP
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Toru Hanai/Pool Bloomberg by way of AP
KASHIWAZAKI, Japan — Japan has resumed operations on the world’s largest nuclear energy plant to assist the nation meet enormous electrical energy calls for throughout a worldwide oil disaster, however the reboot highlights a giant drawback: Japan is operating out of area for spent nuclear gasoline and has no viable plans for everlasting disposal of the radioactive waste.
The restart of No. 6 reactor at Kashiwazaki-Kariwa Nuclear Energy Station earlier this yr was meant to spur a motion to carry extra nuclear reactors on-line. Kashiwazaki-Kariwa is considered one of three crops whose cooling swimming pools might be full in 5 years, in line with the Federation of Electrical Energy Firms of Japan.
“With out strong (gasoline administration) plans, our energy technology will stall in the end,” Kashiwazaki-Kariwa Basic Supervisor Takeyuki Inagaki stated.
After many years of searching for everlasting storage for extremely radioactive spent gasoline, the federal government is contemplating Minamitorishima, a distant Pacific island south of Tokyo. However the choice has confronted skepticism and criticism stemming from Japan’s arbitrary actions on spent gasoline and radioactive waste administration.
Solely 15 of Japan’s 54 reactors have restarted for the reason that March 2011 Fukushima catastrophe, when a 9.0 earthquake off Japan’s northeastern coast and a subsequent tsunami triggered meltdowns at three reactors operated by Tokyo Electrical Energy Firm Holdings, or TEPCO. About 160,000 folks fled from Fukushima and a few areas stay unlivable.
Kashiazaki-Kariwa, additionally run by TEPCO, was shut down after the Fukushima catastrophe as a part of a nationwide nuclear energy stoppage.
The spent gasoline in a cooling pool at Kashiwazaki-Kariwa No. 6 reactor, which is 88% stuffed, could be seen from a top-floor remark space. TEPCO has put in filtered venting programs and units to stop hydrogen explosions amongst extra security measures primarily based on classes from Fukushima.
Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi is pushing to carry extra nuclear crops on-line, leading to extra spent gasoline. With out a viable everlasting storage plan, there are worries that reactors should shut when space for storing runs out.
FILE – The Unit 6 reactor constructing is pictured throughout a media tour at Tokyo Electrical Energy Firm Holdings’ (TEPCO) Kashiwazaki-Kariwa nuclear energy station in Kariwa Village, Niigata prefecture, Japan on Friday, Could 1, 2026.
Toru Hanai/Pool Bloomberg by way of AP
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Toru Hanai/Pool Bloomberg by way of AP
Gas recycling plan has stalled
There are two choices for coping with spent nuclear gasoline: direct disposal as waste or recycling to extract plutonium and uranium for reuse.
Japan insists on recycling, saying it should assist the resource-poor nation’s vitality wants whereas decreasing the toxicity and quantity of radioactive waste. However a reactor designed for plutonium reuse, a key a part of the recycling, has failed. Reprocessing additionally will not be capable of deal with all of the spent gasoline, including to a plutonium stockpile that already is giant sufficient to arm hundreds of atomic bombs.
Specialists say Japan must also contemplate the direct disposal choice.
As of December 2025, cooling swimming pools at 17 Japanese nuclear energy crops held greater than 17,000 tons (15,422 metric tons) of spent gasoline, utilizing practically 80% of complete storage capability, in line with the Ministry of Economic system, Commerce and Trade.
Past the big quantity of radioactive waste from regular reactors, Japan additionally “has to take care of huge and largely unknown high-level nuclear waste from the Fukushima catastrophe,” stated Lila Okamura, a Senshu College professor and professional on environmental politics and nuclear waste administration.
Selecting a ultimate disposal website for spent gasoline and constructing a facility would require 100 years and tens of hundreds of years to watch the storage deep underground. For a generations-long undertaking, Japan ought to plan rigorously and never rush the present plan that is stuffed with uncertainties, Okamura stated.
A distant island is a risk
Weeks after Kashiwazaki-Kariwa’s No. 6 reactor got here again on-line for the primary time in 14 years for the reason that Fukushima catastrophe, Trade Minister Ryosei Akazawa approached Ogasawara village to request a feasibility examine for a high-level radioactive waste website on Minamitorishima, an island administered by Ogasawara, which is a part of Tokyo.
“With a whole lot of spent gasoline accumulating at nuclear energy crops throughout the nation, a ultimate disposal of radioactive waste is an important problem that have to be resolved,” Akazawa stated in a letter to Ogasawara Mayor Masaaki Shibuya.
The federal government-owned Minamitorishima, about 2,000 kilometers (1,242 miles) south of Tokyo, has no everlasting residents. The Japanese military is setting up a firing vary for long-range, surface-to-ship missiles as a deterrent to China. The island additionally has deep sea deposits wealthy with uncommon earth minerals.
“The transfer appears political,” stated Satoshi Takano, a member of a authorities panel ultimate disposal of spent gasoline. “There might be little opposition from a government-owned distant island.”
Some specialists say the island, which sits on a geologically secure tectonic plate, could possibly be appropriate. Many residents on Ogasawara and two close by islands raised considerations about security and tourism.
“I used to be baffled once I heard concerning the plan,” Ogasawara meeting member Yusuke Hirano informed an meeting assembly. “I feel nuclear waste is incompatible with islands which are a UNESCO Pure World Heritage website.”
Struggling to discover a ultimate disposal website
Discovering a group prepared to host a extremely radioactive dump website has been troublesome, even with a raft of economic enticements. Minamitorishima is the fourth location to have a feasibility examine for the reason that authorities began wanting within the early 2000s.
The entire evaluation course of will take about twenty years. Municipalities collaborating within the first stage can obtain as much as 2 billion yen ($12.8 million) in authorities subsidies. The following stage would carry as much as 7 billion yen ($44.7 million). Funding particulars for a ultimate examine have not been disclosed.
The world’s first ultimate disposal website for spent nuclear gasoline is about to open in Finland later this yr. Britain, Germany and america have deserted reprocessing largely due to excessive prices and technical challenges, whereas a number of different international locations are discussing plans for direct disposal websites.
Inagaki, the Kashiwazaki-Kariwa normal supervisor, stated TEPCO is transferring spent gasoline from No. 6 reactor to different reactors on the plant with extra space, however the utility hopes to renew shipments to a dry cask storage in northern Japan as a near-term resolution. Different utilities with practically full swimming pools have introduced plans to construct dry-cask storage at their crops.
Many residents fear about Japan’s rising stockpile as a result of high-density storage of spent gasoline might additionally enhance overheating dangers.
Mie Kuwabara, a civil activist in Niigata, questioned “the place will it go subsequent?”
“It is irresponsible to speed up restarts and produce extra spent gasoline with out deciding its ultimate vacation spot,” stated Kuwabara, who is also skeptical about utilizing Minamitorishima.
“It is like saying that it is OK to place a facility there as a result of no one is round to complain if there’s a drawback,” Kuwabara stated. “It is scary.”
