IPv6 in 2025 - Transitioning to IPv6

The third in a sequence of blogs all through 2025 highlighting the state of IPv6 throughout the business, finest practices to contemplate, and the way Cisco helps prospects on their journeys with its services and products.

The IPv6 transition has been underway for practically 30 years, with IPv6 visitors on the Web now surpassing 50% by all measures [1]. Most purposes and community stacks now choose IPv6 by default, and because of applied sciences like Completely satisfied Eyeballs [2], finish customers in a dual-stack atmosphere hardly ever discover if IPv6 fails over to IPv4. Thankfully, that failure state of affairs is changing into much less widespread because the robustness of the IPv6 Web improves and end-user networks are deployed with nice confidence.

Two Broad Levels

The journey to IPv6 sometimes happens in two broad phases: first, by transferring from IPv4-only to a dual-stack world, the place we activate IPv6 and run each protocols concurrently; after which regularly retiring IPv4. Conventional dual-stack deployments are sometimes accomplished in what is often known as the “Inside Out” methodology, the place the core of the community will probably be dual-stacked first. As soon as routing and operational expertise are established within the community infrastructure and every little thing else is in place (see beneath), edge entry switches and APs will lastly allow IPv6 on their user-facing segments, offering end-users with IPv6 connectivity. Later, the transition from dual-stack to IPv6-only happens in roughly the reverse order.

Web Edge and Information Facilities

Earlier than we will dual-stack our customers, we should dual-stack our Web Edge with help from our safety crew (who needs to be concerned from the beginning!). As soon as the Web Edge helps IPv6, focus shifts to the Information Facilities; dual-stacking the servers permits us to start verifying utility entry over IPv6 whereas most customers proceed to make the most of IPv4 (with particular take a look at customers being dual-stacked). The community crew and assist desk needs to be dual-stacked to allow them to begin experiencing the transition firsthand. (On a associated notice, ultimately all management-plane capabilities of community operations can transfer to IPv6-only whereas the data-plane stays dual-stacked). Subsequent the DMZ could be transitioned and DNS entries supplied to construct an Web presence with IPv6. And eventually, IPv6 could be deployed to user-facing VLANs.

NetFlow and Site visitors Monitoring

Ideally, 100% of our inner purposes will probably be IPv6 enabled and most popular. NetFlow assortment of inner visitors helps monitor this, rapidly figuring out legacy purposes for remediation (by way of upgrades, replacements, or front-ending with dual-stacked gadgets). The aim is for the one remaining IPv4 visitors on the community to be sure to the Web. NetFlow ought to present that Web-bound IPv6 visitors is steadily growing as different organizations full their personal IPv6 transition.

DNS64 and NAT64

As soon as the dual-stack transition is full and any brokenness hidden by Completely satisfied Eyeballs has been proactively recognized and stuck, it’s time to incrementally take away IPv4 from the community. Thankfully, the requirements our bodies have outlined NAT64 [3] and DNS64 [4] for simply this use case. These complementary applied sciences enable an IPv6-only consumer to achieve IPv4-only content material, allowing using IPv6 as the one protocol inside the community [5]. Whereas DNS64 and NAT64 could also be deployed earlier than totally eradicating IPv4 to realize familiarity and expertise, the actual magic occurs as soon as IPv4 is gone.

IPv6-mostly and CLAT

With dual-stack and NAT64 in place, the following step is transferring to an IPv6-mostly deployment, a brand new paradigm constructed on a set of applied sciences [6][7] that gives a better glide path to an IPv6-only future. In IPv6-mostly, the consumer working system gives its personal IPv4-to-IPv6 translator generally known as a CLAT (customer-side translator) for purposes that also have IPv4 dependencies. Whether or not the vacation spot is IPv4-only or the applying code makes use of embedded IPv4 literals, this visitors is translated into IPv6 packets throughout the IPv6-only enterprise community, after which again to IPv4 on the edge by way of NAT64. Purchasers are signaled to make the most of IPv6-mostly on dual-stack entry segments by way of DHCP Choice 108, a DHCPv4 choice that tells the consumer it’s protected to forgo an IPv4 deal with and run solely IPv6. As a result of IPv4 remains to be being supplied, an IPv6-mostly community continues to service shoppers that don’t help native translation by way of CLAT. Now shoppers can select the protocol to make use of primarily based on their capabilities, moderately than being pressured by the community.

IPv6-only Future

As we proceed to watch community visitors with NetFlow, we should always count on to see IPv6 visitors proceed to steadily improve and ultimately we validate there is no such thing as a longer any utilization of IPv4 on sure person VLANs. That’s the time to take away IPv4 from these community segments. As extra IPv4 is turned off, it will also be faraway from the community infrastructure gear. Someday, within the hopefully not-to-distant future, 100% IPv6 utilization will probably be seen on the Web Edge and within the DMZ. Till then, NAT64, DNS64 and CLAT will proceed to serve us properly.